Urban passenger transport by bus is the predominant public transport system in Latin America. On average, this system transports approximately 1,300 per cent more passengers in Latin America than in Europe, which affects the economy and public health.
The greatest consequence of vehicular proliferation is the high level of polluting emissions and the greenhouse effect caused by fleets operated mostly by diesel fuel and emission standard below EURO IV. According to the report of the International Clean Transport Council, in Peru, the premature deaths caused by emissions from the transport sector were approximately 500 people in 2015, representing an annual loss of USD 0.5 billion in damage to health equivalent to 0.25 per cent of the Gross National Income.
Although internal combustion transport technologies have evolved and buses complying with the EURO VI emissions standard, the emissions of effect greenhouses gases have not had a significant reduction.
The objective of this project was to evaluate the economic viability of 12-meter electric buses in relation to the compensation mechanism for complementary brokers and to establish business models and financing mechanisms for the massification of this technology in the city of Lima, Peru.
The report developed presents a series of comparative analyses between diesel, gas, and electric transportation technologies to establish the total cost of bus ownership (TCO), greenhouse gas reduction, economic viability, and risk estimation. As a result of the analyses, suitable business models and financing mechanisms are proposed to make electric technology competitive in Lima.
The result of the TCO analysis shows that for the total cost of ownership of the electric bus to be comparable with conventional buses, it is required; to extend the operational horizon of the electric bus up to 14 years, to have flexibility in operation to be able to carry out at least one recharge to the battery during the day and to have preferential financing especially to make electric technology competitive with gas technology.
